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the extreme penalty

Толкование Перевод

1 смъртен

1. (смъртоносен) mortal, deadly

(за рана) fatal

(за оръжие) lethal

смъртен удар death-blow

2. (отнасящ се до смърт) death (attr.)

смъртен случай death

смъртен час death-hour

смъртен одър/смъртно легло deathbed

смъртен акт a death certificate, a certificate of death

смъртно наказание юр. a death penalty; capital punishment; the extreme penalty (of the law)

смъртна присъда a death sentence

3. (най-страшен, опасен) deadly, mortal

смъртен враг a deadly enemy/foe; a mortal enemy

смъртна вражда death-feud

смъртен грях църк. a deadly/mortal sin

смъртен скок сп. прен. somersault

4. (който не е безсмъртен) earth-/wornan-born, born of woman

mortal (и като сьщ.)

смъртна бледост deathly/deadly/ghostlike/deathlike pallor

* * *

смъ̀ртен,

прил., -на, -но, -ни 1. ( смъртоносен) mortal, deadly; (за рана) fatal; (за оръжие) lethal;

2. ( отнасящ се до смърт) death (attr.); \смъртенен акт death certificate, certificate of death; \смъртенен одър/\смъртенно легло deathbed; \смъртенна присъда юр. death sentence; \смъртенно наказание юр. death penalty; capital punishment; the extreme penalty (of the law);

3. ( най-страшен, опасен) deadly, mortal; \смъртенен враг deadly enemy/foe; mortal enemy; \смъртенен грях църк. deadly/mortal sin; \смъртенен скок спорт. прен. somersault; \смъртенна вражда death-feud;

4. ( който не е безсмъртен) earth-/woman-born, born of woman; mortal (и като същ.); • \смъртенна бледост deathly/deadly/ghostlike/deathlike pallor.

* * *

mortal: All men are смъртен. - Всички хора са смъртни.; earth-born: a смъртен certificate - смъртен акт, receive a смъртен sentence - получавам смъртна присъда, a смъртен penalty - смъртно наказание; deadly: the seven смъртен sins - седемте смъртни гряха

* * *
1. (за оръжие) lethal 2. (за рана) fatal 3. (който не е безсмъртен) earth-/wоrnan-born, born of woman 4. (най-страшен, опасен) deadly, mortal 5. (отнасящ се до смърт) death (attr.) 6. (смъртоносен) mortal, deadly 7. mortal (и като сьщ.) 8. СМЪРТЕН акт а death certificate, a certificate of death 9. СМЪРТЕН враг a deadly enemy/foe;a mortal enemy 10. СМЪРТЕН грях църк. a deadly/mortal sin 11. СМЪРТЕН одър/смъртно легло deathbed 12. СМЪРТЕН скок сп. прен. somersault 13. СМЪРТЕН случай death 14. СМЪРТЕН удар death-blow 15. СМЪРТЕН час death-hour 16. смъртна бледост deathly/deadly/ghostlike/deathlike pallor 17. смъртна вражда death-feud 18. смъртна присъда a death sentence 19. смъртно наказание юр. a death penalty;capital punishment;the extreme penalty (of the law)

Български-английски речник > смъртен
2 высшая мера наказания

1) General subject: the last sanctions of the law, capital punishment, supreme penalty, maximum punishment, maximum sentence

2) Law: extreme penalty, sanction of last resort, the extreme penalty, supreme measure of punishment

3) Diplomatic term: last sanctions of the law

4) leg.N.P. ultimum supplicium

5) Drugs: death penalty

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > высшая мера наказания
3 novissima

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
civitates condere novas,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
nova et a nobis inventa ratio,
id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:
nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,
id. ib. 1, 14, 21:
novus veteri exercitus jungitur,
Liv. 7, 7; cf.
miles,
Sall. J. 87, 2:
imperator,
id. ib. 44, 2:
novum de integro proelium,
Liv. 24, 16:
Camillus,
id. 22, 14:
consules,
Suet. Caes. 15:
serpens,
which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:
caro,
fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
1.
Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:
sub Novis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
2.
Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:
tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,
Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:
beneficiorum novae tabulae,
i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
3.
Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:
adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,
Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:
in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,
id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:
M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:
hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,
Juv. 8, 237:
nova nupta,
a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:
novorum lectio,
id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
4.
Novae res, new things, novelties:
nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:
novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:
num quidnam inquit novi?
Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:
si quid novi vel sero invenissem,
Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:
novorum interpositione priora confundere,
Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:
Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,
Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:
rerum novarum causam quaerere,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:
plebes novarum rerum cupida,
Sall. C. 28, 4:
cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,
id. ib. 37, 1:
novarum rerum avidi,
id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
B.
In partic.
1.
New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:
flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:
nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:
novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,
id. Lig. 1, 1:
nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?
id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:
novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,
Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:
nova monstra,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:
si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,
Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
2.
New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,
Ov. H. 11, 48.—
(β).
With dat.:
novus dolori,
Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
* (γ).
With inf.:
nova ferre jugum cervix,
Sil. 16, 332.—
3.
Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:
vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
4.
Recent:
tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,
Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
C.
In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:
nova creatura,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:
induite novum hominem,
ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
II.
Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:
extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:
histriones,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:
qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 56:
novissimum agmen,
the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:
novissimis praesidio esse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:
novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,
id. ib. 2, 11:
dixitque novissima verba,
Verg. A. 4, 650:
novissima cauda,
i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:
luna,
Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
2.
Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:
exempla,
the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:
a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,
id. ib. 6, 50:
novissimum casum experitur,
id. ib. 12, 33.—
B.
Esp. in eccl. Lat.
1.
Youngest:
liberorum,
Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
2.
Lowest in rank or fortune:
de novissimis populi,
Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
3.
As subst.
a.
Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
(α).
Of place:
terrae,
Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:
a summo ad novissimum,
the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
(β).
Of time:
habent spem in novissimo,
Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
b.
Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
(α).
Of place, the bottom, depths:
abyssi,
Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
(β).
Of time:
habebis in novissimis spem,
Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:
novissima hominis illius,
the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
(α).
Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:
ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:
verba nove aut insigniter dicta,
Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
(β).
Form nŏvĭter, newly:
BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,
Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):
amor noviter venit,
Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
a.
Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:
quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,
id. ib.:
novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,
Sall. C. 33, 2:
liber quem novissime tibi misi,
Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:
eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,
Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
b.
Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:
dicam primum... deinde... novissime,
Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:
primum... post haec... novissime,
Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:
primum... post haec... novissime,
id. 11, 2, 41:
vel... vel... vel novissime,
id. 7, 1, 37:
et... et... et novissime,
id. 2, 4, 10:
cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,
id. 5, 11, 3:
novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),
in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novissima
4 novissimi

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
civitates condere novas,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
nova et a nobis inventa ratio,
id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:
nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,
id. ib. 1, 14, 21:
novus veteri exercitus jungitur,
Liv. 7, 7; cf.
miles,
Sall. J. 87, 2:
imperator,
id. ib. 44, 2:
novum de integro proelium,
Liv. 24, 16:
Camillus,
id. 22, 14:
consules,
Suet. Caes. 15:
serpens,
which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:
caro,
fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
1.
Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:
sub Novis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
2.
Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:
tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,
Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:
beneficiorum novae tabulae,
i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
3.
Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:
adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,
Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:
in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,
id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:
M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:
hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,
Juv. 8, 237:
nova nupta,
a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:
novorum lectio,
id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
4.
Novae res, new things, novelties:
nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:
novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:
num quidnam inquit novi?
Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:
si quid novi vel sero invenissem,
Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:
novorum interpositione priora confundere,
Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:
Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,
Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:
rerum novarum causam quaerere,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:
plebes novarum rerum cupida,
Sall. C. 28, 4:
cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,
id. ib. 37, 1:
novarum rerum avidi,
id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
B.
In partic.
1.
New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:
flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:
nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:
novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,
id. Lig. 1, 1:
nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?
id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:
novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,
Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:
nova monstra,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:
si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,
Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
2.
New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,
Ov. H. 11, 48.—
(β).
With dat.:
novus dolori,
Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
* (γ).
With inf.:
nova ferre jugum cervix,
Sil. 16, 332.—
3.
Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:
vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
4.
Recent:
tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,
Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
C.
In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:
nova creatura,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:
induite novum hominem,
ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
II.
Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:
extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:
histriones,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:
qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 56:
novissimum agmen,
the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:
novissimis praesidio esse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:
novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,
id. ib. 2, 11:
dixitque novissima verba,
Verg. A. 4, 650:
novissima cauda,
i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:
luna,
Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
2.
Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:
exempla,
the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:
a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,
id. ib. 6, 50:
novissimum casum experitur,
id. ib. 12, 33.—
B.
Esp. in eccl. Lat.
1.
Youngest:
liberorum,
Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
2.
Lowest in rank or fortune:
de novissimis populi,
Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
3.
As subst.
a.
Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
(α).
Of place:
terrae,
Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:
a summo ad novissimum,
the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
(β).
Of time:
habent spem in novissimo,
Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
b.
Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
(α).
Of place, the bottom, depths:
abyssi,
Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
(β).
Of time:
habebis in novissimis spem,
Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:
novissima hominis illius,
the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
(α).
Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:
ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:
verba nove aut insigniter dicta,
Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
(β).
Form nŏvĭter, newly:
BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,
Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):
amor noviter venit,
Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
a.
Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:
quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,
id. ib.:
novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,
Sall. C. 33, 2:
liber quem novissime tibi misi,
Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:
eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,
Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
b.
Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:
dicam primum... deinde... novissime,
Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:
primum... post haec... novissime,
Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:
primum... post haec... novissime,
id. 11, 2, 41:
vel... vel... vel novissime,
id. 7, 1, 37:
et... et... et novissime,
id. 2, 4, 10:
cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,
id. 5, 11, 3:
novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),
in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novissimi
5 novissimum

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
civitates condere novas,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
nova et a nobis inventa ratio,
id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:
nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,
id. ib. 1, 14, 21:
novus veteri exercitus jungitur,
Liv. 7, 7; cf.
miles,
Sall. J. 87, 2:
imperator,
id. ib. 44, 2:
novum de integro proelium,
Liv. 24, 16:
Camillus,
id. 22, 14:
consules,
Suet. Caes. 15:
serpens,
which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:
caro,
fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
1.
Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:
sub Novis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
2.
Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:
tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,
Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:
beneficiorum novae tabulae,
i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
3.
Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:
adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,
Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:
in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,
id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:
M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:
hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,
Juv. 8, 237:
nova nupta,
a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:
novorum lectio,
id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
4.
Novae res, new things, novelties:
nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:
novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:
num quidnam inquit novi?
Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:
si quid novi vel sero invenissem,
Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:
novorum interpositione priora confundere,
Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:
Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,
Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:
rerum novarum causam quaerere,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:
plebes novarum rerum cupida,
Sall. C. 28, 4:
cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,
id. ib. 37, 1:
novarum rerum avidi,
id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
B.
In partic.
1.
New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:
flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:
nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:
novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,
id. Lig. 1, 1:
nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?
id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:
novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,
Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:
nova monstra,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:
si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,
Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
2.
New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,
Ov. H. 11, 48.—
(β).
With dat.:
novus dolori,
Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
* (γ).
With inf.:
nova ferre jugum cervix,
Sil. 16, 332.—
3.
Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:
vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
4.
Recent:
tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,
Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
C.
In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:
nova creatura,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:
induite novum hominem,
ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
II.
Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:
extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:
histriones,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:
qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 56:
novissimum agmen,
the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:
novissimis praesidio esse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:
novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,
id. ib. 2, 11:
dixitque novissima verba,
Verg. A. 4, 650:
novissima cauda,
i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:
luna,
Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
2.
Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:
exempla,
the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:
a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,
id. ib. 6, 50:
novissimum casum experitur,
id. ib. 12, 33.—
B.
Esp. in eccl. Lat.
1.
Youngest:
liberorum,
Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
2.
Lowest in rank or fortune:
de novissimis populi,
Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
3.
As subst.
a.
Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
(α).
Of place:
terrae,
Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:
a summo ad novissimum,
the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
(β).
Of time:
habent spem in novissimo,
Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
b.
Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
(α).
Of place, the bottom, depths:
abyssi,
Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
(β).
Of time:
habebis in novissimis spem,
Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:
novissima hominis illius,
the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
(α).
Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:
ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:
verba nove aut insigniter dicta,
Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
(β).
Form nŏvĭter, newly:
BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,
Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):
amor noviter venit,
Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
a.
Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:
quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,
id. ib.:
novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,
Sall. C. 33, 2:
liber quem novissime tibi misi,
Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:
eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,
Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
b.
Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:
dicam primum... deinde... novissime,
Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:
primum... post haec... novissime,
Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:
primum... post haec... novissime,
id. 11, 2, 41:
vel... vel... vel novissime,
id. 7, 1, 37:
et... et... et novissime,
id. 2, 4, 10:
cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,
id. 5, 11, 3:
novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),
in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novissimum
6 novum

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
civitates condere novas,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
nova et a nobis inventa ratio,
id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:
nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,
id. ib. 1, 14, 21:
novus veteri exercitus jungitur,
Liv. 7, 7; cf.
miles,
Sall. J. 87, 2:
imperator,
id. ib. 44, 2:
novum de integro proelium,
Liv. 24, 16:
Camillus,
id. 22, 14:
consules,
Suet. Caes. 15:
serpens,
which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:
caro,
fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
1.
Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:
sub Novis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
2.
Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:
tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,
Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:
beneficiorum novae tabulae,
i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
3.
Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:
adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,
Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:
in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,
id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:
M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:
hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,
Juv. 8, 237:
nova nupta,
a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:
novorum lectio,
id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
4.
Novae res, new things, novelties:
nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:
novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:
num quidnam inquit novi?
Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:
si quid novi vel sero invenissem,
Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:
novorum interpositione priora confundere,
Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:
Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,
Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:
rerum novarum causam quaerere,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:
plebes novarum rerum cupida,
Sall. C. 28, 4:
cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,
id. ib. 37, 1:
novarum rerum avidi,
id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
B.
In partic.
1.
New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:
flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:
nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:
novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,
id. Lig. 1, 1:
nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?
id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:
novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,
Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:
nova monstra,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:
si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,
Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
2.
New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,
Ov. H. 11, 48.—
(β).
With dat.:
novus dolori,
Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
* (γ).
With inf.:
nova ferre jugum cervix,
Sil. 16, 332.—
3.
Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:
vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
4.
Recent:
tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,
Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
C.
In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:
nova creatura,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:
induite novum hominem,
ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
II.
Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:
extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:
histriones,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:
qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 56:
novissimum agmen,
the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:
novissimis praesidio esse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:
novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,
id. ib. 2, 11:
dixitque novissima verba,
Verg. A. 4, 650:
novissima cauda,
i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:
luna,
Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
2.
Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:
exempla,
the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:
a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,
id. ib. 6, 50:
novissimum casum experitur,
id. ib. 12, 33.—
B.
Esp. in eccl. Lat.
1.
Youngest:
liberorum,
Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
2.
Lowest in rank or fortune:
de novissimis populi,
Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
3.
As subst.
a.
Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
(α).
Of place:
terrae,
Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:
a summo ad novissimum,
the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
(β).
Of time:
habent spem in novissimo,
Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
b.
Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
(α).
Of place, the bottom, depths:
abyssi,
Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
(β).
Of time:
habebis in novissimis spem,
Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:
novissima hominis illius,
the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
(α).
Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:
ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:
verba nove aut insigniter dicta,
Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
(β).
Form nŏvĭter, newly:
BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,
Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):
amor noviter venit,
Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
a.
Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:
quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,
id. ib.:
novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,
Sall. C. 33, 2:
liber quem novissime tibi misi,
Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:
eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,
Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
b.
Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:
dicam primum... deinde... novissime,
Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:
primum... post haec... novissime,
Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:
primum... post haec... novissime,
id. 11, 2, 41:
vel... vel... vel novissime,
id. 7, 1, 37:
et... et... et novissime,
id. 2, 4, 10:
cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,
id. 5, 11, 3:
novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),
in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novum
7 novus

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
civitates condere novas,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
nova et a nobis inventa ratio,
id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:
nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,
id. ib. 1, 14, 21:
novus veteri exercitus jungitur,
Liv. 7, 7; cf.
miles,
Sall. J. 87, 2:
imperator,
id. ib. 44, 2:
novum de integro proelium,
Liv. 24, 16:
Camillus,
id. 22, 14:
consules,
Suet. Caes. 15:
serpens,
which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:
caro,
fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
1.
Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:
sub Novis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
2.
Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:
tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,
Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:
beneficiorum novae tabulae,
i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
3.
Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:
adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,
Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:
in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,
id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:
M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:
hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,
Juv. 8, 237:
nova nupta,
a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:
novorum lectio,
id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
4.
Novae res, new things, novelties:
nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:
novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:
num quidnam inquit novi?
Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:
si quid novi vel sero invenissem,
Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:
novorum interpositione priora confundere,
Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:
Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,
Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:
rerum novarum causam quaerere,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:
plebes novarum rerum cupida,
Sall. C. 28, 4:
cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,
id. ib. 37, 1:
novarum rerum avidi,
id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
B.
In partic.
1.
New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:
flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:
nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:
novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,
id. Lig. 1, 1:
nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?
id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:
novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,
Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:
nova monstra,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:
si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,
Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
2.
New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,
Ov. H. 11, 48.—
(β).
With dat.:
novus dolori,
Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
* (γ).
With inf.:
nova ferre jugum cervix,
Sil. 16, 332.—
3.
Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:
vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
4.
Recent:
tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,
Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
C.
In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:
nova creatura,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:
induite novum hominem,
ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
II.
Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:
extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:
histriones,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:
qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 56:
novissimum agmen,
the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:
novissimis praesidio esse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:
novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,
id. ib. 2, 11:
dixitque novissima verba,
Verg. A. 4, 650:
novissima cauda,
i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:
luna,
Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
2.
Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:
exempla,
the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:
a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,
id. ib. 6, 50:
novissimum casum experitur,
id. ib. 12, 33.—
B.
Esp. in eccl. Lat.
1.
Youngest:
liberorum,
Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
2.
Lowest in rank or fortune:
de novissimis populi,
Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
3.
As subst.
a.
Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
(α).
Of place:
terrae,
Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:
a summo ad novissimum,
the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
(β).
Of time:
habent spem in novissimo,
Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
b.
Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
(α).
Of place, the bottom, depths:
abyssi,
Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
(β).
Of time:
habebis in novissimis spem,
Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:
novissima hominis illius,
the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
(α).
Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:
ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:
verba nove aut insigniter dicta,
Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
(β).
Form nŏvĭter, newly:
BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,
Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):
amor noviter venit,
Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
a.
Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:
quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,
id. ib.:
novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,
Sall. C. 33, 2:
liber quem novissime tibi misi,
Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:
eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,
Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
b.
Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:
dicam primum... deinde... novissime,
Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:
primum... post haec... novissime,
Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:
primum... post haec... novissime,
id. 11, 2, 41:
vel... vel... vel novissime,
id. 7, 1, 37:
et... et... et novissime,
id. 2, 4, 10:
cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,
id. 5, 11, 3:
novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),
in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novus
8 massimo

1. adj greatest, maximum

2. m maximum

al massimo at most

* * *

massimo agg.superl.rel.

1 (il più grande) the greatest, largest, biggest; maximum (attr.); (l'estremo) extreme, utmost; (il più alto) the highest; (il più elevato) top (attr.), peak (attr.); (il più lungo) the longest; (il migliore) the best; (il più importante) the most important: con la massima cura, with the greatest (o with extreme) care; impara le lingue con la massima facilità, he learns languages with the greatest ease (o very easily); una cosa della massima importanza, something of the greatest (o utmost) importance; lavorare con il massimo impegno, to put the greatest effort into one's work; trattare qlcu. con il massimo rispetto, to treat s.o. with the greatest (o utmost) respect; la massima taglia che abbiamo è la 50, the largest (o biggest) size we have is 50; vi prego di prestare la massima attenzione, please pay the greatest (o maximum) attention; trarre il massimo beneficio da qlco., to get the maximum benefit out of sthg.; ottenere il massimo punteggio, to get the highest score; la temperatura massima, the highest (o the maximum) temperature; il massimo fiume italiano è il Po, the longest river in Italy is the Po; l'altitudine, la densità, la larghezza massima, the maximum height, density, width; procedere alla massima velocità consentita, to proceed at the maximum speed allowed; il massimo risultato, the best result; Picasso è il massimo esponente del cubismo, Picasso is the greatest (o the most important) exponent of cubism; carcere di massima sicurezza, top security prison; documenti della massima segretezza, top secret papers; massimo livello, top (o peak) level; limite massimo, top limit (o ceiling); prezzi massimi, top prices; vendere al massimo, to sell at best // ( sport) tempo massimo, time limit; peso massimo, heavy-weight // in massima parte, for the most part; largely: i dimostranti erano in massima parte studenti, the demonstrators were largely (o for the most part) students ∙ Come si nota dagli esempi, questo agg. è espresso in ingl. in modi diversi, a seconda del significato assunto dall'agg. positivo grande

2 (mat., fis.) maximum // massimo comun divisore, highest common factor (o divisor)

◆ s.m.

1 maximum*; top, peak; height; (tutto quello) the most: il massimo della velocità, the maximum (o top) speed; il massimo della pressione, the maximum pressure; questo è il massimo della scortesia, this is the height of rudeness; era il massimo che potessi fare per lui, it was the most I could do for him // lavorare al massimo della produttività, to work at peak productivity; gli scambi commerciali con l'estero hanno raggiunto un nuovo massimo, foreign trade has reached a new peak // (dir.) il massimo della pena, the maximum penalty // laurearsi col massimo dei voti, to get a first-class degree // raggiungere il massimo della pensione, to get a full pension // spingere il motore al massimo, to drive at full (o top) speed // sono al massimo dell'esasperazione, I can't take any more (o I'm at my wits' end) // al massimo, (tutt'al più) at most; (al più tardi) at the latest: poteva avere al massimo vent'anni, he could have been twenty at most; mi fermerò al massimo fino a domenica, I'll stay till Sunday at the (very) latest

2 ( sport) (peso massimo) heavy-weight: la categoria dei massimi, heavy-weight class

3 ( Borsa) massimo storico, all-time peak: un massimo storico in Borsa, an all-time high (o peak o a record high) on the Stock Exchange.

* * *
['massimo] massimo (-a)
1. agg superl di grande

(gen) greatest, (temperatura, livello, prezzo) maximum, highest, (importanza, cura) utmost, greatest

è una questione della massima importanza — it's a question of the greatest importance

è della massima importanza che tu ci sia — it is of the utmost importance o it is vital that you be o are there

è il massimo poeta del secolo — he is the greatest poet of the century

erano presenti le massime autorità — all the most important dignitaries were there

al massimo grado — to the highest degree

stupido al massimo grado — stupid beyond belief

ha la mia massima stima/il mio massimo rispetto — I have the highest regard/greatest respect for him

ottenere il massimo effetto con la minima spesa — to get the best results at the least cost

in massima parte — for the most part, mainly

arrivare entro il tempo massimo — to arrive within the time limit

il tempo massimo concesso — the maximum time allowed

la velocità massima che questa macchina può raggiungere è... — the top o maximum speed of this car is...

la velocità massima permessa nei centri abitati — the speed limit in built-up areas

2. sm

(gen) maximum

è il massimo che io possa fare — it's the most I can do

è il massimo della stupidità — (persona) you can't get much more stupid than him, (gesto) it's the height of stupidity

è il massimo! — (colmo) that's the limit o end!

può portare al massimo cinque persone — it can take five people at the most

cerca di impegnarti al massimo — try to do your best

costerà al massimo 5 sterline — it'll cost 5 pounds at (the) most

lavorare al massimo — to work flat out

sfruttare qc al massimo — to make full use of sth

al massimo finiamo lunedì — we'll finish on Monday at the outside

arriverò al massimo alle 5 — I'll arrive at 5 at the latest

ottenere il massimo dei voti Scol — to get full marks, (in votazione) to be accepted unanimously

il massimo della pena Dir — the maximum penalty

* * *
['massimo] 1.
aggettivo

1) [punteggio, velocità] maximum, top; [prezzo, temperatura] highest, maximum; [ lusso] greatest; [attenzione, cautela, importanza, rispetto, segretezza] utmost

valore massimo — peak

carico massimo — maximum load

il massimo esponente della letteratura russa — the leading figure in Russian literature

con la -a cura, urgenza — with the utmost care, haste

della -a importanza — highly important, of the utmost importance

essere in stato di -a allerta — to be on red o full alert mil.

tempo massimo — time-limit

ai -i livelli — [ negoziati] top-level

carcere di -a sicurezza — maximum o top security prison

2) sport

pesi -i — heavyweight

3) mat.

massimo comun divisore — highest common factor, greatest common divisor o factor
2.
sostantivo maschile

1) (la quantità più grande, il grado più elevato) height, high, most

il massimo di — the height of [lusso, stupidità]

trarre il massimo da — to make the best of [ situazione]

il massimo dei voti — full marks BE, top grades AE

laurearsi in storia col massimo dei voti — to get a history first o a first in history BE, to graduate with honors in history AE

raggiungere il massimo — [rumore, inflazione] to reach its peak

non è il massimo — [efficienza, servizio] it's not all (that) it should be

era il massimo che potevo fare — it was all o the most I could do

il massimo della pena — the maximum sentence o penalty

2) (limite consentito o richiesto) maximum

ottenere un prestito fino a un massimo di... — to obtain a loan for a maximum amount of...

un massimo di 5 giorni — 5 days at the most

3) (meglio)

questo ristorante è il massimo — this restaurant is the top

4) al massimo at the maximum, at the most, at the utmost; (al più tardi) at the latest

tre giorni al massimo — three days at the longest

essere al massimo (storico) — to be at a record high

con il riscaldamento al massimo — with the heating at full blast

regola il grill al massimo — turn the grill to high

essere al massimo — [ persona] to be firing o working on all cylinders

sfruttare al massimo le proprie capacità — to maximize one's potential

partiremo al massimo giovedì — we'll leave on Thursday at the latest

se non ci riesco, al massimo ti chiamo — if I can't do it, I'll call you

* * *

massimo

/'massimo/

I aggettivo

1 [punteggio, velocità] maximum, top; [prezzo, temperatura] highest, maximum; [ lusso] greatest; [attenzione, cautela, importanza, rispetto, segretezza] utmost; valore massimo peak; carico massimo maximum load; il massimo esponente della letteratura russa the leading figure in Russian literature; con la -a cura, urgenza with the utmost care, haste; della -a importanza highly important, of the utmost importance; essere in stato di -a allerta to be on red o full alert mil.; tempo massimo time-limit; ai -i livelli [ negoziati] top-level; carcere di -a sicurezza maximum o top security prison

2 sport pesi -i heavyweight

3 mat. massimo comun divisore highest common factor, greatest common divisor o factor

II sostantivo maschile

1 (la quantità più grande, il grado più elevato) height, high, most; il massimo di the height of [lusso, stupidità]; trarre il massimo da to make the best of [ situazione]; il massimo dei voti full marks BE, top grades AE; laurearsi in storia col massimo dei voti to get a history first o a first in history BE, to graduate with honors in history AE; raggiungere il massimo [rumore, inflazione] to reach its peak; non è il massimo [efficienza, servizio] it's not all (that) it should be; era il massimo che potevo fare it was all o the most I could do; il massimo della pena the maximum sentence o penalty

2 (limite consentito o richiesto) maximum; ottenere un prestito fino a un massimo di... to obtain a loan for a maximum amount of...; un massimo di 5 giorni 5 days at the most

3 (meglio) questo ristorante è il massimo this restaurant is the top

4 al massimo at the maximum, at the most, at the utmost; (al più tardi) at the latest; tre giorni al massimo three days at the longest; essere al massimo (storico) to be at a record high; con il riscaldamento al massimo with the heating at full blast; regola il grill al massimo turn the grill to high; essere al massimo [ persona] to be firing o working on all cylinders; sfruttare al massimo le proprie capacità to maximize one's potential; partiremo al massimo giovedì we'll leave on Thursday at the latest; se non ci riesco, al massimo ti chiamo if I can't do it, I'll call you.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > massimo
9 radikal

I Adj. radical (auch POL.); Änderung, Maßnahmen etc.: auch drastic; der radikale linke / rechte Flügel der Partei the extreme left / right wing of the party; eine radikale Gesinnung haben have a radical cast of mind; in seiner Haltung sehr radikal sein have very radical views; ein radikaler Verfechter der Todesstrafe a fanatical advocate of the death penalty; radikale Mittel einsetzen use drastic means

II Adv. radically; äußerst radikal denken have extremely radical views; radikal reduzieren reduce drastically; radikal vorgehen gegen take drastic action ( oder radical steps) against; radikal mit der Vergangenheit brechen make a clean ( oder radical) break with the past; sich radikal verändern change radically

* * *

radical; extreme; drastic; ruthless

* * *
Ra|di|kal [radi'kaːl]
nt -s, -e (MATH)
root; (CHEM) radical
* * *

1) (wanting or involving great or extreme political, social or economic changes.) radical

2) radically

* * *

Ra·di·kal

<-s, -e>

[radiˈka:l]

nt CHEM radical

freie \Radikale free radicals

* * *
1.
Adjektiv radical; drastic <measure, method, cure>
2.
adverbial radically; (vollständig) totally, completely

* * *

radikal

A. adj radical ( auch POL); Änderung, Maßnahmen etc: auch drastic;

der radikale linke/rechte Flügel der Partei the extreme left/right wing of the party;

eine radikale Gesinnung haben have a radical cast of mind;

in seiner Haltung sehr radikal sein have very radical views;

ein radikaler Verfechter der Todesstrafe a fanatical advocate of the death penalty;

radikale Mittel einsetzen use drastic means

B. adv radically;

äußerst radikal denken have extremely radical views;

radikal reduzieren reduce drastically;

radikal vorgehen gegen take drastic action ( oder radical steps) against;

radikal mit der Vergangenheit brechen make a clean ( oder radical) break with the past;

sich radikal verändern change radically

* * *
1.
Adjektiv radical; drastic <measure, method, cure>
2.
adverbial radically; (vollständig) totally, completely

* * *

adj.

radical adj.

ultra adj. adv.

radically adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > radikal
10 наказание

1. sentence

приговор по системе сложения наказаний — cumulative sentence

отменить приговор; отменить наказание — to vacate a sentence

отбыть срок наказания — to discharge the term of sentence

наказания, отбываемые одновременно — concurrent sentences

наказание, определённое в законе — sentence fixed by law

2. penalization

3. penalizing

4. punishment; penalty; nuisance

срок наказания — penal term

легкое наказание — small penalty

тяжелое наказание — heavy penalty

уложение о наказаниях — penal code

заслуженное наказание — due penalty

5. pain

наказания и взыскания — pains and penalties

6. penalty

под страхом наказания — under penalty

определенное наказание — fixed penalty

понести наказание — to pay the penalty

высшая мера наказания — extreme penalty

смягчённое наказание — commuted penalty

Синонимический ряд:

кара (сущ.) возмездие; кара

Антонимический ряд:

награда; награду; поощрение

Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > наказание
11 Radikal

I Adj. radical (auch POL.); Änderung, Maßnahmen etc.: auch drastic; der radikale linke / rechte Flügel der Partei the extreme left / right wing of the party; eine radikale Gesinnung haben have a radical cast of mind; in seiner Haltung sehr radikal sein have very radical views; ein radikaler Verfechter der Todesstrafe a fanatical advocate of the death penalty; radikale Mittel einsetzen use drastic means

II Adv. radically; äußerst radikal denken have extremely radical views; radikal reduzieren reduce drastically; radikal vorgehen gegen take drastic action ( oder radical steps) against; radikal mit der Vergangenheit brechen make a clean ( oder radical) break with the past; sich radikal verändern change radically

* * *

radical; extreme; drastic; ruthless

* * *
Ra|di|kal [radi'kaːl]
nt -s, -e (MATH)
root; (CHEM) radical
* * *

1) (wanting or involving great or extreme political, social or economic changes.) radical

2) radically

* * *

Ra·di·kal

<-s, -e>

[radiˈka:l]

nt CHEM radical

freie \Radikale free radicals

* * *
1.
Adjektiv radical; drastic <measure, method, cure>
2.
adverbial radically; (vollständig) totally, completely

* * *

Radikal n; -s, -e; CHEM radical; MATH root;

freie Radikale CHEM free radicals

* * *
1.
Adjektiv radical; drastic <measure, method, cure>
2.
adverbial radically; (vollständig) totally, completely

* * *

adj.

radical adj.

ultra adj. adv.

radically adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Radikal
12 máximo

adj.

maximum, greatest, maximal, top.

m.

1 maximum, high point, peak.

2 Máximo.

3 maximum, acme of a process or disease.

* * *

máximo

► adjetivo

1 (velocidad) maximum; (puntuación, condecoración) highest

■ el máximo dirigente del país the leader of the country

► nombre masculino máximo

1 maximum

■ tenéis una hora como máximo para acabar you must be finished in an hour

■ llegó a casa como máximo a las dos he was home by two o'clock at the latest

■ me tomé (como) máximo tres cervezas I had three beers at the most

■ pon la calefacción al máximo turn the heating up to the maximum

————————

máximo

► nombre masculino

1 maximum

■ tenéis una hora como máximo para acabar you must be finished in an hour

■ llegó a casa como máximo a las dos he was home by two o'clock at the latest

■ me tomé (como) máximo tres cervezas I had three beers at the most

■ pon la calefacción al máximo turn the heating up to the maximum

* * *
1. noun m.
maximum

- al máximo
- como máximo 2. (f. - máxima)
adj.

maximum

* * *

1.

ADJ [altura, temperatura, velocidad, carga] maximum

el máximo dirigente — the leader

máximo jefe o líder — esp LAm President, leader

llegar al punto máximo — to reach the highest point

lo máximo en ordenadores — the last word in computers

acortaron el viaje lo máximo posible — they shortened their journey as much as they could

2.

SM maximum

un máximo de 100 euros — a maximum of 100 euros

el máximo de tiempo que se te permite — the maximum time you're allowed

• al máximo — to the maximum

debemos aprovechar al máximo nuestros recursos — we must exploit our resources to the maximum, we must make the best of the resources we have

sube la calefacción al máximo — put the heating up as high as it'll go

• como máximo — (=como mucho) at the most, at the outside; (=como muy tarde) at the latest

te costará 5.000 como máximo — it'll cost you 5,000 at the most

llegaré a las nueve como máximo — I'll be there by nine o'clock at the latest

máximo histórico — all-time high

* * *
I
- ma adjetivo <temperatura/velocidad> top (before n), maximum (before n); <carga/altura> maximum (before n); < punto> highest; < esfuerzo> greatest, maximum (before n)

el máximo galardón — the highest honor

era su máxima ilusión/ambición — it was her great dream/greatest ambition

el máximo dirigente francés — the French leader

lo máximo que puede ocurrir es... — the worst that can happen is...
II
masculino maximum

con un máximo de 20 folios — up to 20 pages long

como máximo — at the most

100 palabras como máximo — 100 words, maximum

aprovechar algo al máximo — to make the most of something

se esforzó al máximo — she did her utmost

rendir al máximo — < persona> to give a hundred percent; < máquina> to work to its full capacity

* * *

= maximum, utmost, peak, maximal, ultimate, upper bound.

Ex. When used by skilled abstractors this mixture of styles can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within a minimum length.

Ex. Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.

Ex. Peak use of the libraries occurs during lunch hours.

Ex. Summaries typically convey maximal information in minimal space.

Ex. The whole project is undeniably full of sentimental, cinephiliac rapture, but it provided the ultimate opportunity for filmmakers to talk feverishly about the basic nature of their medium.

Ex. It also provides a simple yet powerful mechanism for establishing the upper bound of the maximal substructural commonality of a series of compounds.

----

* alcanzar el máximo = reach + a head.

* al máximo = to the full, to the utmost, to the hilt, to the extreme, at full stretch.

* a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.

* aprovechamiento al máximo = optimisation [optimization, -USA].

* aprovechar al máximo = maximise [maximize, -USA], optimise [optimize, -USA], realise + to its full potential, exploit + full potential, take + full advantage (of), get + the best out of, take + the best advantage, get + the most out of, realise + the potential, make + the best possible use of.

* aprovechar al máximo las oportunidades = maximise + opportunities.

* aprovecharse al máximo de = make + the best of.

* aspirar a lo máximo = shoot (for) + the moon.

* búsqueda por máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour searching.

* cargado al máximo = fully-loaded.

* coste máximo = maximum cost.

* de máxima categoría = top-class.

* de máxima seguridad = safety critical [safety-critical].

* disfrutar al máximo = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.

* enojado al máximo = mad as hell.

* esforzarse al máximo = do + Posesivo + utmost, stretch + Reflexivo, stretch + Nombre + to the limit, give + Posesivo + utmost, lean over + backwards, work + hard, give + Posesivo + best.

* estar al máximo = overstretch.

* explotar al máximo = realise + to its full potential, realise + the potential.

* funcionando al máximo = overstretched.

* funcionar al máximo = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.

* hasta el máximo de las posibilidades de Algo = to + Posesivo + full potential.

* hasta un máximo de + Número = up to + Número.

* lleno al máximo = packed to capacity, packed to the rafters.

* lo máximo = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* máximo anotador = highest scorer, top scorer, leading scorer.

* máximo goleador = leading scorer, top scorer, highest scorer.

* máximo interés = maximum interest.

* nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.

* obtener el máximo beneficio = reap + full potential.

* ofrecer lo máximo = shoot (for) + the moon.

* premio máximo = jackpot.

* producir el rendimiento máximo = come into + Posesivo + own.

* prueba de la máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour test.

* sacar el máximo partido = exploit + full potential, take + full advantage (of), take + the best advantage.

* sacar el máximo partido a = get + the most out of.

* sacar el máximo partido a Algo = reach + the full potential of.

* sacar el máximo partido de = make + the best of, harness + the power of.

* sacar el máximo partido de Algo = make + the most of.

* sacar el máximo provecho de = get + the most out of.

* sacar el máximo provecho de Algo = make + the most of.

* ser el máximo = be the limit.

* temperatura máxima = maximum temperature.

* utilizar al máximo = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.

* utilizar al máximo por medio del ordenador = explode.

* velocidad máxima = speed limit.

* velocidad máxima permitida = speed limit.

* vivir la vida al máximo = live + life to the full.

* * *
I
- ma adjetivo <temperatura/velocidad> top (before n), maximum (before n); <carga/altura> maximum (before n); < punto> highest; < esfuerzo> greatest, maximum (before n)

el máximo galardón — the highest honor

era su máxima ilusión/ambición — it was her great dream/greatest ambition

el máximo dirigente francés — the French leader

lo máximo que puede ocurrir es... — the worst that can happen is...
II
masculino maximum

con un máximo de 20 folios — up to 20 pages long

como máximo — at the most

100 palabras como máximo — 100 words, maximum

aprovechar algo al máximo — to make the most of something

se esforzó al máximo — she did her utmost

rendir al máximo — < persona> to give a hundred percent; < máquina> to work to its full capacity

* * *

= maximum, utmost, peak, maximal, ultimate, upper bound.

Ex: When used by skilled abstractors this mixture of styles can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within a minimum length.

Ex: Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.

Ex: Peak use of the libraries occurs during lunch hours.

Ex: Summaries typically convey maximal information in minimal space.

Ex: The whole project is undeniably full of sentimental, cinephiliac rapture, but it provided the ultimate opportunity for filmmakers to talk feverishly about the basic nature of their medium.

Ex: It also provides a simple yet powerful mechanism for establishing the upper bound of the maximal substructural commonality of a series of compounds.

* alcanzar el máximo = reach + a head.

* al máximo = to the full, to the utmost, to the hilt, to the extreme, at full stretch.

* a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.

* aprovechamiento al máximo = optimisation [optimization, -USA].

* aprovechar al máximo = maximise [maximize, -USA], optimise [optimize, -USA], realise + to its full potential, exploit + full potential, take + full advantage (of), get + the best out of, take + the best advantage, get + the most out of, realise + the potential, make + the best possible use of.

* aprovechar al máximo las oportunidades = maximise + opportunities.

* aprovecharse al máximo de = make + the best of.

* aspirar a lo máximo = shoot (for) + the moon.

* búsqueda por máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour searching.

* cargado al máximo = fully-loaded.

* coste máximo = maximum cost.

* de máxima categoría = top-class.

* de máxima seguridad = safety critical [safety-critical].

* disfrutar al máximo = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.

* enojado al máximo = mad as hell.

* esforzarse al máximo = do + Posesivo + utmost, stretch + Reflexivo, stretch + Nombre + to the limit, give + Posesivo + utmost, lean over + backwards, work + hard, give + Posesivo + best.

* estar al máximo = overstretch.

* explotar al máximo = realise + to its full potential, realise + the potential.

* funcionando al máximo = overstretched.

* funcionar al máximo = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.

* hasta el máximo de las posibilidades de Algo = to + Posesivo + full potential.

* hasta un máximo de + Número = up to + Número.

* lleno al máximo = packed to capacity, packed to the rafters.

* lo máximo = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* máximo anotador = highest scorer, top scorer, leading scorer.

* máximo goleador = leading scorer, top scorer, highest scorer.

* máximo interés = maximum interest.

* nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.

* obtener el máximo beneficio = reap + full potential.

* ofrecer lo máximo = shoot (for) + the moon.

* premio máximo = jackpot.

* producir el rendimiento máximo = come into + Posesivo + own.

* prueba de la máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour test.

* sacar el máximo partido = exploit + full potential, take + full advantage (of), take + the best advantage.

* sacar el máximo partido a = get + the most out of.

* sacar el máximo partido a Algo = reach + the full potential of.

* sacar el máximo partido de = make + the best of, harness + the power of.

* sacar el máximo partido de Algo = make + the most of.

* sacar el máximo provecho de = get + the most out of.

* sacar el máximo provecho de Algo = make + the most of.

* ser el máximo = be the limit.

* temperatura máxima = maximum temperature.

* utilizar al máximo = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.

* utilizar al máximo por medio del ordenador = explode.

* velocidad máxima = speed limit.

* velocidad máxima permitida = speed limit.

* vivir la vida al máximo = live + life to the full.

* * *

máximo¹ -ma

adjective

‹temperatura/velocidad› top ( before n), maximum ( before n); ‹carga/precio› maximum

le fue conferido el máximo galardón she was awarded the highest honor

su máxima ilusión/ambición es llegar a ser senadora her great dream/greatest ambition is to become a senator

el máximo dirigente francés the French leader

lo máximo que puede ocurrir es que llegue con retraso the worst that can happen is that she'll arrive late

Compuestos:

● máximo castigo

masculine ( period); penalty

● máximo común divisor

masculine highest common factor

máximo²

masculine

maximum

el máximo de tiempo que le concedieron para pagar fue un año he was given a maximum of one year in which to pay

el trabajo puede tener un máximo de 20 folios the piece can be up to 20 pages long

como máximo te costará mil pesetas it'll cost you a thousand pesetas at the most o at the outside

como máximo llegaremos a las once we'll get there at eleven at the latest

aprovechó las vacaciones al máximo he enjoyed his vacation to the full, he made the most of his vacation

las máquinas están rindiendo al máximo the machines are working flat out

se esforzó al máximo she did her utmost

* * *

máximo 1
◊ -ma adjetivo ‹temperatura/velocidad› top ( before n), maximum ( before n);

‹carga/altura› maximum ( before n);
‹ punto› highest;
‹esfuerzo/ambición› greatest ( before n);
◊ el máximo dirigente francés the French leader

máximo 2 sustantivo masculino
maximum;
como máximo at the most;
aprovechar algo al máximo to make the most of sth;
se esforzó al máximo she did her utmost;
rendir al máximo [ persona] to give a hundred percent;

[ máquina] to work to its full capacity
máximo,-a
I adjetivo maximum, highest
carga máxima autorizada, maximum load allowed
el máximo esplendor del imperio, the most brilliant period of the empire
II m (tope) maximum: nos esforzamos al máximo, we did our utmost
un máximo de cinco personas, a maximum of five people
como máximo, (como mucho) at the most
(a más tardar) at the latest
' máximo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
límite
- máxima
- suma
- sumo
- tasar
- techo
- tope
English:
absolute
- aim
- level
- max
- maximum
- most
- N
- nth degree
- out
- peak
- top
- ultimate
- limit
- live
- load
- mileage
- outside
- stretch
- take
- utmost

* * *

máximo, -a

♦ superlativo
ver grande
♦ adj
[capacidad, cantidad, temperatura] maximum; [honor, galardón] highest;
la máxima puntuación [posible] the maximum score;
[entre varias] the highest score;
el máximo goleador the top scorer;

soy el máximo responsable del proyecto I am the most senior person on the project;

los máximos responsables políticos del partido the party's senior politicians

Comp
Mat máximo común denominador highest common denominator; Mat máximo común divisor highest common factor
♦ nm

maximum;

trabajan un máximo de 35 horas they work a maximum of 35 hours;

al máximo to the utmost;

llegar al máximo to reach the limit;

pon la calefacción al máximo put the heating on maximum o as high as it will go;

están trabajando al máximo they're working flat out;

la libra alcanzó un máximo histórico frente al dólar the pound reached an all-time high against the dollar

♦ como máximo loc adv
[a más tardar] at the latest; [como mucho] at the most;
llegaremos como máximo a las seis we'll be there by six at the latest;

podemos gastar como máximo cinco millones we can spend up to a maximum of five million

* * *

máximo

adj maximum

* * *

máximo, -ma adj

: maximum, greatest, highest

máximo nm

1) : maximum

2)

al máximo : to the utmost

3)

como máximo : at the most, at the latest

* * *

máximo¹ adj maximum

¿cuál es la velocidad máxima? what's the maximum speed?

la máxima puntuación es diez the maximum mark is ten

máximo² n maximum

la calefacción está al máximo the heating is on maximum

como máximo at most

tardaré como máximo tres horas it'll take me three hours at the most

Spanish-English dictionary > máximo
13 исключительная мера

sole penalty

высшая мера наказания — extreme penalty

меры уголовного наказания — penal sanctions

определить меру наказания — to admeasure the penalty

сдерживание преступности карательными мерами — penal control

Бизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > исключительная мера
14 высшая мера наказания

capital punishment имя существительное:
capital punishment (смертная казнь, высшая мера наказания)

dead penalty (смертный приговор, высшая мера наказания)

extreme penalty of the law (высшая мера наказания)

Русско-английский синонимический словарь > высшая мера наказания
15 summum

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > summum
16 Superi

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Superi
17 superus

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > superus
18 suprema

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > suprema
19 supremum

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > supremum
20 supremus

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > supremus

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the extreme penalty

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